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1.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 44(1): 22-37, Jan.-Feb. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-892953

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare and aggressive disease that is associated with high rates of recurrence and death. Radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) with excision of the bladder cuff is considered the standard of care for high-risk UTUC, whereas kidney-sparing techniques can be indicated for select patients with low-risk disease. There is a significant lack of clinical and pathological prognostic factors for stratifying patients with regard to making treatment decisions. Incorporation of tissue-based molecular markers into prognostic tools could help accurately stratify patients for clinical decision-making in this heterogeneous disease. Although the number of studies on tissue-based markers in UTUC has risen dramatically in the past several years—many of which are based on single centers and small cohorts, with a low level of evidence—many discrepancies remain between their results. Nevertheless, certain biomarkers are promising tools, necessitating prospective multi-institution studies to validate their function.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Urologic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Prognosis , Sensitivity and Specificity , Urologic Neoplasms , Nephroureterectomy , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis
2.
Clinics ; 66(6): 965-972, 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-594363

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze glucose transporter 1 expression patterns in malignant tumors of various cell types and evaluate their diagnostic value by immunohistochemistry. INTRODUCTION: Glucose is the major source of energy for cells, and glucose transporter 1 is the most common glucose transporter in humans. Glucose transporter 1 is aberrantly expressed in several tumor types. Studies have implicated glucose transporter 1 expression as a prognostic and diagnostic marker in tumors, primarily in conjunction with positron emission tomography scan data. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry for glucose transporter 1 was performed in tissue microarray slides, comprising 1955 samples of malignant neoplasm from different cell types. RESULTS: Sarcomas, lymphomas, melanomas and hepatoblastomas did not express glucose transporter 1. Fortyseven per cent of prostate adenocarcinomas were positive, as were 29 percent of thyroid, 10 percent of gastric and 5 percent of breast adenocarcinomas. Thirty-six per cent of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck were positive, as were 42 percent of uterine cervix squamous cell carcinomas. Glioblastomas and retinoblastomas showed membranous glucose transporter 1 staining in 18.6 percent and 9.4 percent of all cases, respectively. Squamous cell carcinomas displayed membranous expression, whereas adenocarcinomas showed cytoplasmic glucose transporter 1 expression. CONCLUSION: Glucose transporter 1 showed variable expression in various tumor types. Its absence in sarcomas, melanomas, hepatoblastomas and lymphomas suggests that other glucose transporters mediate the glycolytic pathway in these tumors. The data suggest that glucose transporter 1 is a valuable immunohistochemical marker that can be used to identify patients for evaluation by positron emission tomography scan. The function of cytoplasmic glucose transporter 1 in adenocarcinomas must be further examined.


Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma/metabolism , Glucose Transporter Type 1/metabolism , Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial/metabolism , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Carcinoma/diagnosis , Immunohistochemistry , Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial/diagnosis , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Tissue Array Analysis
3.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 32(6): 304-309, nov.-dez. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-423399

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Os sarcomas sinoviais são tumores raros e agressivos que acometem adultos jovens, com sobrevida doençaespecífica em cinco anos de 57 a 63 por cento. O presente estudo analisa a experiência institucional com este tumor, dando ênfase à associação entre variáveis clínicas, padrões de recorrência e sobrevida. MÉTODO: Entre 1970 e 2001 foram identificados 57 pacientes com sarcomas sinoviais. Fatores demográficos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos foram pesquisados. Associações entre variáveis clínicas e a sobrevida livre de recidiva local, livre de metástases e doença-específica em cinco anos foram calculadas. RESULTADOS: A idade mediana dos pacientes foi 26 anos, 56 por cento eram masculinos, 79 por cento eram brancos. Localizavam-se em membro inferior em 74 por cento, proximalmente em 53 por cento. O sintoma mais comum foi a presença de tumor em 42 por cento. Na admissão 18 por cento eram intactos, 42 por cento manipulados e 40 por cento recidivados. A maioria era maior que 5 cm., e três pacientes apresentavam metástase linfonodal. A cirurgia mais freqüente foi ressecção ampla, 30 por cento necessitou amputação. Margens amplas foram obtidas em 65 por cento, 51 por cento eram tumores bifásicos. Neoadjuvância foi utilizada em 46 por cento e adjuvância em 58 por cento dos casos. As sobrevidas livre de recidiva local , metástases e doença específica em cinco anos foram 60±8 por cento, 47±7 por cento e 58±7 por cento. A localização proximal do tumor associou-se com preservação de membro (p=-0,001), margens inadequadas (p=0,006) e subtipo bifásico (p=0,047). CONCLUSÕES: Os dados confirmam a hipótese de tratar-se de tumor agressivo, com altos índices de recidiva local e à distância. Os resultados do tratamento são comparáveis a outros centros especializados. Tratamento fora destes centros deve ser desencorajado.

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